Antimicrobial Properties of Leaves to Root Extracts and Saponin Fractions of Chlorophytum borivilianum

Abstract

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to determine the antibacterial
activity of aqueous, glacial acetic acid, methanolic, and petroleum ether
extracts from various sections of the Chlorophytum borivilianum plant.

Methods: The antibacterial activity of extracts of C. borivilianum’s leaves,
roots, and stems were determined using the agar well diffusion method and
the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). TCL and HPCL techniques
were used to perform phytochemical screening.

Results: The findings revealed that the glacial acetic acid extract showed the
highest antimicrobial activity followed by methanol and being polar solvent,
the water did not perform much antimicrobial activity as it was not expected.
Petroleum ether extract performed poorly as was expected. The polar extracts
were more potent antimicrobial than non-polar extracts. This finding shows
that phytoconstituents responsible for antimicrobial activity are polar in
nature and extracted in polar solvents only. Furthermore, the MIC study
showed that one of the active compounds, pure saponin, has biomedicinal
potential as well as antibacterial action. The chemical compounds, saponin,
mannans, flavonoids are the main phytochemicals that are responsible for the different medicinal properties present in Chlorophytum borivilianum. Finally, root and leaf extracts of Chlorophytum borivilianum have been found to be more effective antibacterial agents than stem extracts.

Conclusion: The root and leaf extracts demonstrated higher anti-pathogenic
action than the stem extracts, according to the anti-microbial data. Pure
saponin also had antimicrobial action, according to the MIC data. Further, it
has been noticed that the order of susceptibility was as Staphylococcus>
aureus > Bacillus subtilis> Escherichia coli. > Klebsiella pneumoniae.