Email this article Assessing Diastolic Hypertension in Patients of Primary Hypothyroidism among Adults Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Abstract
Background: Elevation of diastolic BP has been shown in few studies among patients with hypothyroidism. However, the evidence is still obsolete when it comes to Indian settings. This study intends to evaluate association between hypertension and primary hypothyroidism in North Indian population.
Methodology: One hundred primary hypothyroid patients (TSH level >5.5) were subjected to a cross-sectional comparative study in a tertiary care hospital in North India from August 2015 to June 2017. Patients had no thyroid complications and were unknown of their blood pressure status. Sociodemographic profile and
clinical and laboratory status was evaluated which included blood pressure measurements; lipid profile, kidney function tests, and other vitals were recorded.
Results: Individuals with diastolic and overall hypertension had significantly less serum T3 values and high TSH and serum creatinine values as compared to non-hypertensive individuals. Pearson test showed a significant correlation between serum TSH levels with both systolic and diastolic BP.
Conclusion: This study showed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased linearly with increasing TSH. Despite the differing estimated prevalence of hypertension in hypothyroidism, there seems to be a positive association of thyroid with BP.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M et al. Global and
regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001:
systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet
; 367(9524): 1747-57.
Meenakshisundaram R, Agarwal D, Rajendiran C
et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction among
low socioeconomic status South Indian population.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2010; 2: 32.
R HS. The new hypertension guidelines. J Clin Hyperten
; 15(10): 748-51.
Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K et al. Global
burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data.
Lancet 2005; 365(9455): 217-23.
Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India.
J Human Hyperten 2004; 18(2): 73-78.
Anchala R, Kannuri NK, Pant H et al. Hypertension
in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension.
J Hypertension 2014; Mar 11.
Peeters RP. Regulation of thyroid hormone bioactivity
in health and disease. ISBN: 90-8559-096-5 Erasmus
University Rotterdam 2005.
Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R et al. The spectrum
of thyroid disease in a community: The Whickham
survey. Clin End 1977; 7: 481-93.
Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G et al. The Colorado
thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med
; 160: 526-34.
Cappola AR, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism and
atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:
-44.
Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ et al. Subclinical
hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for
atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly
women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 2000;
: 270-78.
Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular
system. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 501-09.
Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM et al. Thyroid status,
cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA
; 295: 1033-41.
Thompson WO, Dickie LFN, Moms AE et al. The
high incidence of hypertension in toxic goiter and in
myxedema. Endocrinology 1931; 15: 265-72.
Fuller H Jr, Spittell JA Jr, McConahey WM et al.Myxedema and hypertension. Postgrad Med 1966;
: 425-28.
Menof P. The thyroid and atherosclerotic arterial
disease. S Afr Med J 1973; 47: 2315-25.
Shaikh Z, Pathak R. Revised Kuppuswamy B G Prasad
socio-economic scales for 2016. Int J Community Med
Public Health 2017; 4: 997-99.
Streeten DHP et al. Effects of thyroid function on blood
pressure: recognition of hypothyroid hypertension.
Hypertension 1988; 11: 78-83
Anderson GH Jr, Blakeman N, Streeten DHP. The
effect of age on prevalence of secondary forms of
hypertension in 4429 consecutively referred patients.
J Hypertens 1994; 12: 609-15.
Klein I, Ojamaa K. The cardiovascular system in hypo
thyroidism. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD (eds.). Werner
and Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical
Text. 7th Edition. Philadelphia 1996; 799-804.
Kotsis RL. High blood pressure and underactive thyroid
gland (hypothyroidism) [Internet] 2007 [Accessed
on 2017, Dec 19]. Available from: https://lexi.com/
individuals/dentistry/newsletters.jsp?id=may_08
Dagre AG, Lekakis JP, Papaioannou TG et al. Arterial
stiffness is increased in subjects with hypothyroidism.
Int J Cardiol 2005; 103: 1-6.
Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen TIL, Vatten LJ. Association
between blood pressure and serum thyroid-stimulating
hormone concentration within the reference range:
A population-based study. The Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism 2007; 92 (3): 841-45.
Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular
system. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 501-09.
Dernellis J, Panaretou M. Effects of thyroid replacement
therapy on arterial blood pressure in patients with
hypertension and hypothyroidism. Am Heart J 2002;
: 718-24.
Owen PJ, Rajiv C, Vinereanu D et al. Subclinical
hypothyroidism, arterial stiffness and myocardial
reserve. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 2126-32.
Panciera DL, Lefebvre HP. Effect of experimental
hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate and
plasma creatinine concentration in dogs. J Vet Intern
Med 2009; 23: 1045-50.
Zhu X, Cheng SY. New insights into regulation of lipid
metabolism by thyroid hormone. Current Opinion
in Endocrinology. Diabetes and Obesity 2010; 17(5):
-13.
Giannattasio C, Rivolta MR, Failla M et al. Large and
medium sized artery abnormalities in untreated and
treated hypothyroidism. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1492-98.
Rawat B, Satyal A. An echocardiographic study of
cardiac changes in hypothyroidism and response to
treatment. Kathmandu University Medical Journal
; 3(7): 182-87.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine (P-ISSN:2394-7047 & E-ISSN:2349-7181)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.