Assessment of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients by Doppler Ultrasonography and Correlation with Risk Factors

Sanjay Kumar, B M Singh Lamba, Mukesh Verma, Pratap Singh

Abstract


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Several different types of DM exist and are caused by a complex interaction of genetics, environmental factors and life style choices.

Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence and morphological pattern of peripheral arterial lesions in patients with DM by duplex color doppler ultrasonography and to correlate the findings with the various risk factors and variables.

Materials and Methods: A complete history and physical examination including examination of the lower limbs with respect to peripheral arterial disease, basic routine blood and urine laboratory investigation, assessment of peripheral arterial disease by doppler ultrasonography of lower limb arteries and assessment of diabetic complications were carried out on 50 cases of type 2 DM of more than 5 years duration and 25 controls of non-diabetic population. Type 1 DM and type 2 DM patients with duration of diabetes less than 5 years were excluded from the study as were the patients of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).


Keywords


Peripheral arterial disease, Diabetes mellitus, Doppler ultrasound, Ankle-brachial index

Full Text:

PDF

References


King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025 prevalence, numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21: 1414-31.

Premalatha G, Shanthirani S, Deepa R et al. Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected south Indian population: The Chennai urban population study. Diabetes Care 2000; 23(9): 1295-1300.

Janka HU, Standl E, Mehnert H. Peripheral vascular disease in diabetes mellitus and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors screening with doppler. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 207.

Jager KA, Phillips DJ, Martin RL et al. Noninvasive mapping of lower limb arterial lesions. Ultrasound

Med Biol 1985 May-Jun; 11(3): 515-21.

Kumar MS, Lohia A, Ramesh V et al. Sensitivity and specificity of pulse oximetry and ankle-brachial index for screening asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 2016 Aug; 64(8): 38-43.

Agrawal RP, Ola V, Bishnoi P et al. Prevalence of micro and macrovascular complications and their risk factors in type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India 2014 Jun; 62(6): 504-08.

Pradeepa R, Chella S, Surendar J et al. Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and its association with carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes: the Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES 111). Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014 May; 11(3): 190-200.

Assaad-Khalil SH, Zaki A, Abdel Rehim A et al. Prevalence of diabetic foot disorders and related risk factors among Egyptian subjects with diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2015 Aug; 9(4): 297-330.

Vitalis A, Lip GY, Kay M et al. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017 Apr; 15(4): 327-38.

Weragoda J, Seneviratne R, Weerasinghe MC et al. Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease: a case control study in Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 2016 Dec 9; 9(1): 508.

Codjo HL, Adoukonou TA, Wanvoegbe A et al. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease among diabetics in Parakou in 2013. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2016 Sep; 65(4): 260-64.

Zieliński LP, Chowdhury MM, Carter M et al. Variability in atherosclerotic disease progression within the infrainguinal arterial circulation is dependent on both patient and anatomical factors. Ann Vasc Surg 2017 May 5; pii: S0890-5096(16)31403-0.

García J, Roquer J, Serena J et al. ARTICO Study. Carotid intima-media thickness is not associated with markers of atherosclerosis in stroke patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016 May; 25(5): 1070-75.

Balta S, Aparci M, Ozturk C et al. Carotid intima media thickness can predict coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2015 Dec 15; 201: 331.

Han QF, Wu Li, Li T et al. There is a link between carotid intima media thickness and coronary artery disease: It might be inflammation. Int J Cardiol 2016 Jan 15; 203: 1144-45.

Paraskevas KI. Increased carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease share more links besides inflammation. Int J Cardiol 2016 Feb 1; 204: 54.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine